Wireless security cameras transmit a video and audio signal to a wireless receiver through a radio band. Many wireless security cameras require at least one cable or wire for power; however, some wireless security cameras are battery-powered, making the cameras truly wireless.
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Analog Wireless Cameras
Analog wireless is the transmission of audio and video signals using radio frequencies. Typically, analog wireless has a transmission range of around 300 feet (91 meters) in open space; walls, doors, and furniture will reduce this range.
Analog wireless is usually found in three frequencies: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. Currently, the majority of wireless security cameras operate on the 2.4 GHz frequency. Most household routers, cordless phones, video game controllers, and microwaves operate on the 2.4 GHz frequency and may cause interference with your wireless security camera. 900 MHz is known as Wi-Fi Friendly because it will not interfere with the Internet signal of your wireless network.
Advantages:
The cost of individual cameras is low.
The signal from one camera can be picked up by any receiver, so you can have multiple receivers in various locations to create your wireless surveillance network
Disadvantages:
Analog cameras are susceptible to interference from other household devices, such as microwaves, cordless phones, video game controllers, and routers.
No signal strength indicator: there is no visual alert (like the bars on a cellular phone) indicating the strength of your signal, which helps during installation.
Camerals are susceptible to unauthorized interception: because analog wireless uses a consistent frequency, it is possible for the signals to be picked up by other receivers.
One-way communication only allows the receiver to pickup the video and audio signal; it is not possible for the receiver to send signals back to the camera.
Digital wireless cameras
Digital wireless is the transmission of audio and video analog signals encoded as digital packets over high-bandwidth radio frequencies.
Advantages:
Wide transmission range—usually close to 450 feet (open space, clear line of sight between camera and receiver)
High quality video and audio
Two-way communication between the camera and the receiver (if feature is available with your device).
Digital signal means you can transmit commands and functions, such as turning lights on and off (if features are available with device).
You can connect multiple receivers to one recording device, such as a security DVR or cloud storage.
Disadvantages:
Sometimes difficult Internet connections
Some reception or communication depends on stable Internet connection.
Wi-Fi cameras may be out of range, and require extra Wi-Fi extenders with added expense.
Areas between Wi-Fi camera and Wi-Fi router may need to be cleared of furniture or fixtures that cause interference (e.g., metal shelving, books an book shelves).